Cannabis (also called marijuana, weed, ganja) is a psychoactive plant drug that affects the brain and body. It’s used for medical, recreational, and cultural purposes, depending on local laws.

Main active components
• THC (tetrahydrocannabinol): causes the “high”
• CBD (cannabidiol): non-intoxicating; linked to relaxation and medical effects

How it works

Cannabis acts on the endocannabinoid system, especially CB1 receptors in the brain. This system helps regulate:
• Mood and emotions
• Memory and learning
• Appetite
• Pain perception

THC changes how the brain sends and receives signals, leading to altered perception and mood.

Forms of cannabis
• Flower (buds): smoked or vaporized
• Edibles: food or drinks infused with cannabis
• Concentrates: oils, wax, hash (high THC)
• Medical cannabis: regulated products with controlled THC/CBD levels

Effects

Short-term effects
• Relaxation and euphoria
• Altered sense of time
• Increased appetite (“munchies”)
• Enhanced sensory perception
• Impaired memory and coordination

Possible negative effects
• Anxiety or panic
• Paranoia (more likely with high THC)
• Dry mouth and eyes
• Increased heart rate

Long-term or heavy use risks
• Dependence (psychological)
• Memory and concentration problems
• Reduced motivation in some users
• Mental health risks for people prone to anxiety or psychosis
• Lung irritation if smoked regularly

Medical uses (where legal)
• Chronic pain relief
• Nausea and vomiting (e.g., chemotherapy)
• Epilepsy (CBD-based treatments)
• Muscle spasms (multiple sclerosis)
• Appetite stimulation

Safety notes
• Cannabis can impair driving and decision-making
• Mixing with alcohol increases accident risk
• Effects can be stronger and last longer with edibles
• Potency varies widely between products

Legal status
• Laws vary by country and region
• Legal for medical or recreational use in some places, illegal in others